45 U.S.C. § 228a to 228c–1

Editorial Notes

Codification

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812Pub. L. 93–445, title I, § 101Oct. 16, 197488 Stat. 1305Sections 228a to 228c–1 were omitted pursuant to the amendment and revision of , by , , , known as the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974.

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 1June 24, 1937, ch. 38250 Stat. 307June 11, 1940, ch. 307, § 154 Stat. 264Aug. 13, 1940, ch. 66454 Stat. 785Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, § 2554 Stat. 1100Apr. 8, 1942, ch. 227, § 1356 Stat. 209July 31, 1946, ch. 70960 Stat. 722Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632, § 165 Stat. 683July 18, 1952, ch. 945, § 6(d)(1)66 Stat. 777Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 116468 Stat. 1038Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 120668 Stat. 1097Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 83670 Stat. 836Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 83770 Stat. 877Aug. 30, 1957Pub. L. 85–238, § 4(a)71 Stat. 520Aug. 28, 1958Pub. L. 85–840, title VII, § 70372 Stat. 1056Sept. 13, 1960Pub. L. 86–778, title VII, § 70874 Stat. 997June 30, 1961Pub. L. 87–64, title III, § 30175 Stat. 142July 30, 1965Pub. L. 89–97, title III, § 326(a)79 Stat. 400Sept. 29, 1965Pub. L. 89–212, § 2(f)79 Stat. 860Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10180 Stat. 1079Feb. 15, 1968Pub. L. 90–257, title I, § 10182 Stat. 16Oct. 22, 1968Pub. L. 90–624, § 282 Stat. 1316section 231 of this titleSection 228a, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, ; amended , ; , §§ 1, 3, , 786; , ; , ; , §§ 1, 2, 201 to 204, , 725 to 727; , ; , ; , pt. I, § 1, ; , title IV, § 401(a), ; , title I, § 120(a), ; , title IV, § 408(c), ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , ; , , , defined terms for purposes of this subchapter. See .

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 2June 24, 1937, ch. 38250 Stat. 309July 31, 1946, ch. 70960 Stat. 727Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 63265 Stat. 683Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 116468 Stat. 1038Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 120668 Stat. 1097Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 869, § 169 Stat. 715May 19, 1959Pub. L. 86–2873 Stat. 25Sept. 22, 1961Pub. L. 87–28575 Stat. 585Sept. 29, 1965Pub. L. 89–212, § 179 Stat. 858Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–699, title II, § 201(a)80 Stat. 1075Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10280 Stat. 1079Feb. 15, 1968Pub. L. 90–257, title I82 Stat. 16Aug. 12, 1970Pub. L. 91–377, § 284 Stat. 791July 2, 1971Pub. L. 92–46, § 285 Stat. 101Oct. 4, 1972Pub. L. 92–460, § 1(b)86 Stat. 765July 10, 1973Pub. L. 93–69, title I87 Stat. 162section 231a of this titleSection 228b, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, ; amended , §§ 205, 206, , 728; , §§ 2, 3, 5, ; , pt. I, §§ 2, 3, ; , title IV, § 401(b), ; , ; , , pt. I, § 1, ; , , §§ 1, 2, ; , , ; , , ; , , ; ; , §§ 102, 103, ; , , ; , , ; , , (c), ; , , §§ 101, 104(b), (c), , 164, related to eligibility of individuals for annuities under this subchapter. See .

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 3June 24, 1937, ch. 38250 Stat. 310July 31, 1946, ch. 70960 Stat. 728June 23, 1948, ch. 608, § 162 Stat. 576Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 63265 Stat. 684June 16, 1954, ch. 300, § 168 Stat. 250Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 116468 Stat. 1038Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1022, § 170 Stat. 1076Sept. 6, 1958Pub. L. 85–92772 Stat. 1778May 19, 1959Pub. L. 86–2873 Stat. 26Sept. 13, 1960Pub. L. 86–778, title II, § 211o74 Stat. 958Oct. 5, 1963Pub. L. 88–133, title I77 Stat. 219Sept. 29, 1965Pub. L. 89–212, § 3(a)79 Stat. 860Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–699, title I, § 180 Stat. 1073Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10380 Stat. 1080Feb. 15, 1968Pub. L. 90–257, title I, § 10482 Stat. 17Mar. 17, 1970Pub. L. 91–21584 Stat. 70Aug. 12, 1970Pub. L. 91–377, § 184 Stat. 791July 2, 1971Pub. L. 92–46, § 185 Stat. 101Oct. 4, 1972Pub. L. 92–460, § 1(a)86 Stat. 765July 6, 1973Pub. L. 93–58, § 187 Stat. 141July 10, 1973Pub. L. 93–69, title I, § 104(a)87 Stat. 163Oct. 16, 1974Pub. L. 93–445, title VI, § 60188 Stat. 1360section 231b of this titleSection 228c, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, ; amended , §§ 207–211, , 729; , ; ; §§ 6–10, ; , ; , pt. I, §§ 4–7, , 1039; , ; , , pt. I, § 1, ; , , pt. I, § 2, ; , ()(1), ; , , §§ 1, 2, ; , , (b), ; , , title II, § 201(b), (c), , 1075, 1076; , , title III, § 301(i), (iv)(a), , 1088; , , ; , , §§ 1, 2, ; , , , , , ; , , (d), ; , , ; , , ; , , , related to computation of annuities under this subchapter. See .

act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, § 4June 24, 1937, ch. 382Oct. 8, 1940, ch. 75754 Stat. 1014Apr. 8, 1942, ch. 22756 Stat. 204–206July 31, 1946, ch. 709, § 21260 Stat. 729Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632, § 465 Stat. 683Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 83770 Stat. 876Oct. 5, 1963Pub. L. 88–133, title I77 Stat. 219Oct. 30, 1966Pub. L. 89–700, title I, § 10480 Stat. 1081section 228a of this titleSection 228c–1, , as restated , pt. I, § 1, as added , title VI, pt. II, § 625, ; amended , §§ 1–8, ; , ; , ; , title IV, § 408(a), (b), ; , , §§ 3, 4, ; , , , related to consideration of time spent in military service in computation of annuities. See .

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Annuities, Pensions, and Joint and Survivor Annuity Elections

Act July 31, 1946, ch. 70960 Stat. 742July 31, 1946July 31, 1946Jan. 1, 1947Jan. 1, 1947Jan. 1, 1947July 31, 1946, §§ 404–407, , provided that the rights of persons to whom pensions or annuities were awarded before were to be governed by the applicable provisions of law in effect prior to that date, that the election of a joint and survivor annuity made before , by a person to whom the annuity accrued before , was to be given effect as though the provisions of law under which the election was made had continued to be operative, that death payments under sections 219 and 228e of this title, other than survivor annuities pursuant to an election, were to be made only with respect to deaths occurring before , and that any person to whom an annuity accrued before , and who would as of the date of the initial accrual have been entitled to an annuity in a greater amount by reason of the amendments by act , had such amendments been in effect at the date of initial accrual, was to be awarded the annuity in such greater amount without additional application therefor.

Reduction of Annuity Because of Prior Disability Annuity Terminated by Recovery

Act July 31, 1946, ch. 709, § 40860 Stat. 742section 228b(a)(3) of this title, , provided that no annuities accruing after July 1946 were to be reduced under in order to compensate for an annuity terminated by recovery from a disability.

Dual Benefit Provision; Retroactive Payment to Survivors

Act June 16, 1954, ch. 300, § 268 Stat. 250July 1, 1954section 228c(b) of this title, , provided that in the case of a decedent dying before , so much of any annuity or pension payment due such decedent under , was to be paid only to the widow or widower of the decedent, if living, or to the child or children of such decedent, in the alternative, if living.

Percentage Adjustment

Pub. L. 92–46, § 4July 2, 197185 Stat. 101Pub. L. 92–5Mar. 17, 197185 Stat. 5, , , authorized the Railroad Retirement Board to make certain adjustments in allowance percentages under this subchapter, so that the percentages when applied against certain social security benefits, would result in amounts comparable to those in effect prior to the changes made by , , , known as the Social Security Amendments of 1971.

Recertifications by Railroad Retirement Board

Pub. L. 93–69, § 106July 10, 197387 Stat. 165Pub. L. 93–69, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by sections 104 and 105 of were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 92–460, § 3Oct. 4, 197286 Stat. 766Pub. L. 92–460, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 92–46, § 6July 2, 197185 Stat. 102Pub. L. 92–46, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 91–377, § 4(b)(2)Aug. 12, 197084 Stat. 792Pub. L. 91–377, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by to sections 228b, 228c, 228e, and 228o of this title were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 90–257, § 108(c)Feb. 15, 196882 Stat. 23Pub. L. 90–257, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by to sections 228a, 228b, 228c, 228e, and 228j of this title were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 89–699, § 202(b)Oct. 30, 196680 Stat. 1077Pub. L. 89–699, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Pub. L. 86–28, § 6(b)Mar. 19, 195973 Stat. 28Pub. L. 86–28section 228z–1 of this title, , , provided that all recertifications required by reason of the amendments made by to sections 228b, 228c, 228e, 228s–1 and the enactment of were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Act Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 632, § 25(j)65 Stat. 691Oct. 30, 1951Oct. 30, 1951, , provided that all recertifications by the Board under act were to be made without applications therefor unless required by reason of section 9 of act , in which case, recertifications were to be made only upon application therefor in such manner and form as the Board was to prescribe.

Act June 23, 1948, ch. 608, § 362 Stat. 577June 23, 1948, , provided in part that all recertifications required by reason of act were to be made by the Board without application therefor.

Restrictions on Establishment of New Annuities and Use of Certain Labor Tactics

Pub. L. 91–215, § 7Mar. 17, 197084 Stat. 72, , , placed certain limitations on the utilization of particular procedures established under the Railway Labor Act, section 151 et seq. of this title, when alterations in the provisions of this subchapter regarding certain annuity payments were being sought and placed similar limitations on the use of strikes and lockouts as labor practices when such changes were being sought.